THE BENEDICTINES,
founded by St. Benedict, and distinguished by a habit entirely black. This Order, having been reformed at different times, embraces the following branches:
The Camaldolesi, founded by St. Romualdo.
The Carthusians, founded by St. Bruno.
The Cistercians, founded by St. Bernard of Clairvaux.
The Olivetani, founded by St. Bernard dei Tolomei.
The Oratorians, founded by St. Philip Neri.
The Vallombrosans, founded by St. John Gualberto.
Of these the Camaldolesi, the Carthusians, the Cistercians, and the Olivetani are habited in white; the Oratorians in black; and the Vallombrosans in light grey.
THE AUGUSTINE ORDER,
claiming St. Augustine as its founder, comprises the minor Orders of:
The Brigittines, founded by St. Bridget of Sweden, habit, black.
The Premonstratesians, founded by St. Norbert, habit, black or brown, with a white cloak.
The Servi, founded by St. Philip Benozzi, habit, black.
The Trinitarians, founded by St. John de Matha, habit, white, with a blue and red cross on the breast.
The Order of Mercy, founded by St. Peter Nolasco, habit, white, - with a badge of the arms of the King of Aragon.
THE CARMELITES
claim as their founder the prophet Elijah, but were first definitely formed into an Order by St. Albert of Vercelli. The habit of the Order is dark brown with a long scapulary, and a white mantle. The reformed branch, known as - The Scalzi, or barefooted Carmelites, was founded by St. Teresa of Avila.
THE DOMINICAN ORDER,
founded by St. Dominic, is distinguished by a white habit under a long black cloak with a hood.
THE FRANCISCAN ORDER,
founded by St. Francis of Assisi, and distinguished by a brown or grey habit bound by a knotted cord, embraces the following reformed branches:
The Capuchins, dark brown habit, with a long pointed hood.
The Cordeliers, brown habit.
The Minimes, founded by St. Francis de Paula, brown habit, short scapulary with rounded ends, and a knotted cord.
The Observants, founded by St. Bernardino of Siena, grey habit, and cord.
The Poor Clares, Franciscan nuns, founded by St. Clara, grey or brown habit, and cord.
The JERONYMITES
claim St. Jerome as their founder.
THE JESUITS,
founded by St. Ignatius Loyola, are distinguished by a straight black cassock and square cap.
The Order of the VISITATION OF S. MARY
was founded by St. Francis de Sales and St. Jeanne Francoise de Chantal.